South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), is a highly developed nation located on the southern half of the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. It is recognized for its advanced economy, democratic governance, and global influence in technology, pop culture, and education.
Key facts
- Capital: Seoul
- Population: ~52 million (2024 est.)
- Official language: Korean
- Government: Presidential republic
- Currency: South Korean won (KRW)
Geography and people
South Korea is bordered by North Korea to the north, the Yellow Sea to the west, and the Sea of Japan (East Sea) to the east. Its terrain is largely mountainous, with coastal plains and major urban centers concentrated in the northwest and southeast. The population is highly urbanized, with Seoul and its metropolitan area home to nearly half the population.
Economy and technology
As one of the world’s largest economies, South Korea transformed rapidly from postwar poverty to industrial power in a period often called the “Miracle on the Han River.” It is home to global corporations like Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor Company, and LG Electronics. The country leads in semiconductors, shipbuilding, robotics, and digital infrastructure, ranking among the top nations in broadband access and innovation.
Culture and global influence
South Korean culture—known collectively as Hallyu or the “Korean Wave”—has gained global prominence through K-pop, television dramas, film, and fashion. Works like Parasite and bands such as BTS have expanded the country’s soft power worldwide. Traditional arts, cuisine (notably kimchi and bibimbap), and Confucian-influenced customs remain central to its identity.
Politics and society
South Korea is a democratic republic with separation of powers and regular free elections. Its political scene is dynamic, with active civic engagement. Relations with North Korea remain tense, though intermittent diplomacy continues. Social issues include aging demographics, housing costs, and youth employment challenges.
International role
A member of the United Nations, OECD, and G20, South Korea plays a major role in global trade, development aid, and cultural exchange. Its blend of rapid modernization, technological prowess, and cultural heritage makes it a significant player in global affairs.
